Calling native functions.

build.sbt

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ libraryDependencies := Seq(
     "com.typesafe.scala-logging" %% "scala-logging" % "3.1.0",
     "ch.qos.logback" % "logback-classic" % "1.1.2",
     "com.github.jnr" % "jnr-ffi" % "2.0.3",
+    "com.github.jnr" % "jffi" % "1.2.9",
+    "com.github.jnr" % "jnr-posix" % "3.0.17",
     "org.scalatest" %% "scalatest" % "2.2.0"
 )
 	

src/main/scala/uvm/refimpl/MicroVM.scala

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import uvm.refimpl.mem.TypeSizes.Word
 import scala.collection.mutable.HashSet
 import uvm.ir.textinput.UIRTextReader
 import uvm.ir.textinput.IDFactory
+import uvm.refimpl.nat.NativeHelper
 
 object MicroVM {
   val DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE: Word = 4L * 1024L * 1024L; // 4MiB
@@ -26,6 +27,8 @@ class MicroVM(heapSize: Word = MicroVM.DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE,
   val memoryManager = new MemoryManager(heapSize, globalSize, stackSize)
 
   private implicit val memorySupport = memoryManager.memorySupport
+  
+  val nativeHelper = new NativeHelper()
 
   val threadStackManager = new ThreadStackManager()
   val trapManager = new TrapManager()

src/main/scala/uvm/refimpl/clientInterface.scala

@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ class ClientAgent(mutator: Mutator)(
     }
 
     val box = newType match {
-      case TypeInt(n)             => new BoxInt(OpHelper.trunc(BigInt(addr), n))
+      case TypeInt(n)             => new BoxInt(OpHelper.trunc(BigInt(addr), Math.min(n, 64)))
       case _: AbstractPointerType => new BoxPointer(addr)
     }
 
@@ -505,13 +505,13 @@ class ClientAgent(mutator: Mutator)(
   }
 
   def pin(handle: Handle): Handle = {
-    val (objTy, objRef) = handle.ty match {
-      case TypeRef(t)  => (t, handle.vb.asInstanceOf[BoxRef].objRef)
-      case TypeIRef(t) => (t, handle.vb.asInstanceOf[BoxIRef].objRef)
+    val (objTy, (objRef, offset)) = handle.ty match {
+      case TypeRef(t)  => (t, (handle.vb.asInstanceOf[BoxRef].objRef, 0L))
+      case TypeIRef(t) => (t, handle.vb.asInstanceOf[BoxIRef].oo)
     }
     pin(objRef)
     val ptrTy = InternalTypePool.ptrOf(objTy)
-    val box = new BoxPointer(objRef)
+    val box = new BoxPointer(objRef + offset)
     newHandle(ptrTy, box)
   }
 

src/main/scala/uvm/refimpl/internals.scala

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package uvm.refimpl
 import uvm._
 import uvm.types._
 import uvm.ssavariables._
+import uvm.utils.LazyPool
 import uvm.ir.textinput.IDFactory
 import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
 import uvm.FuncSig
@@ -40,20 +41,12 @@ object InternalTypes {
 }
 
 object InternalTypePool {
-  class LazyPool[FromT, ToT](factory: FromT => ToT) {
-    val pool = HashMap[FromT, ToT]()
-    def apply(obj: FromT): ToT = pool.get(obj).getOrElse(factory(obj))
-  }
-  object LazyPool {
-    def apply[FromT, ToT](factory: FromT => ToT): LazyPool[FromT, ToT] = new LazyPool[FromT, ToT](factory)
-  }
-
   val refOf = LazyPool(TypeRef)
   val irefOf = LazyPool(TypeIRef)
   val ptrOf = LazyPool(TypePtr)
   val funcOf = LazyPool(TypeFunc)
   val funcPtrOf = LazyPool(TypeFuncPtr)
-  val vecOf = new LazyPool[(Type, Long), TypeVector]({ case (t, l) => TypeVector(t, l) })
+  val vecOf = LazyPool[(Type, Long), TypeVector] { case (t, l) => TypeVector(t, l) }
   def unmarkedOf(t: Type): Type = t match {
     case TypeWeakRef(r) => refOf(r)
     case _ => t

src/main/scala/uvm/refimpl/itpr/InterpreterThread.scala

@@ -373,20 +373,12 @@ class InterpreterThread(val id: Int, initialStack: InterpreterStack, val mutator
               case _ =>
             }
             val srcAddr: Word = scalarFromTy match {
-              case TypeInt(n) => {
-                val od = bOpnd.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value
-                val truncExt = if (n >= 64) OpHelper.trunc(od, 64) else OpHelper.zext(od, n, 64)
-                truncExt.toLong
-              }
-              case TypePtr(_) | TypeFuncPtr(_) => bOpnd.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr
+              case TypeInt(n)             => bOpnd.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.longValue // truncates
+              case _: AbstractPointerType => bOpnd.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr
             }
             scalarToTy match {
-              case TypeInt(n) => {
-                val bi = BigInt(srcAddr)
-                val truncExt = if (n > 64) OpHelper.zext(bi, 64, n) else OpHelper.trunc(bi, n)
-                br.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = truncExt
-              }
-              case TypePtr(_) | TypeFuncPtr(_) => br.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr = srcAddr
+              case TypeInt(n)             => br.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(BigInt(srcAddr), Math.min(n, 64))
+              case _: AbstractPointerType => br.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr = srcAddr
             }
           }
 
@@ -779,7 +771,18 @@ class InterpreterThread(val id: Int, initialStack: InterpreterStack, val mutator
       }
 
       case i @ InstCCall(callConv, funcTy, sig, callee, argList, keepAlives) => {
-        throw new UvmRefImplException(ctx + "The CCALL instruction is not implemented in this reference implementation")
+        if (callConv != Flag("#DEFAULT")) {
+          throw new UvmRefImplException(ctx + "Currently only support the #DEFAULT callConv. %s found.".format(callConv.name))
+        }
+        
+        val addr = boxOf(callee).asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr
+        
+        val argBoxes = argList.map(boxOf)
+        val retBox = boxOf(i)
+        
+        microVM.nativeHelper.callNative(sig, addr, argBoxes, retBox)
+        
+        continueNormally()
       }
 
       case i @ InstNewStack(sig, callee, argList, excClause) => {
@@ -1064,29 +1067,29 @@ class InterpreterThread(val id: Int, initialStack: InterpreterStack, val mutator
           case "@uvm.native.pin" => {
             val Seq(ty) = typeList
             val Seq(r) = argList
-            
-            val addr = ty match {
-              case TypeRef(_) => boxOf(r).asInstanceOf[BoxRef].objRef
-              case TypeIRef(_) => boxOf(r).asInstanceOf[BoxIRef].objRef
+
+            val (addr, offset) = ty match {
+              case TypeRef(_)  => (boxOf(r).asInstanceOf[BoxRef].objRef, 0L)
+              case TypeIRef(_) => boxOf(r).asInstanceOf[BoxIRef].oo
             }
-            
+
             pin(addr)
-            
-            boxOf(i).asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr = addr
+
+            boxOf(i).asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr = addr + offset
             continueNormally()
           }
-          
+
           case "@uvm.native.unpin" => {
             val Seq(ty) = typeList
             val Seq(r) = argList
-            
+
             val addr = ty match {
-              case TypeRef(_) => boxOf(r).asInstanceOf[BoxRef].objRef
+              case TypeRef(_)  => boxOf(r).asInstanceOf[BoxRef].objRef
               case TypeIRef(_) => boxOf(r).asInstanceOf[BoxIRef].objRef
             }
-            
+
             unpin(addr)
-            
+
             continueNormally()
           }
           // Insert more CommInsts here.

src/main/scala/uvm/refimpl/nat/nativeHelpers.scala

+package uvm.refimpl.nat
+
+import com.kenai.jffi.{ Type => JType, Struct => JStruct, Function => JFunction, HeapInvocationBuffer, Invoker }
+import uvm.FuncSig
+import uvm.refimpl.UvmRefImplException
+import uvm.refimpl.itpr.ValueBox
+import uvm.refimpl.mem.TypeSizes.Word
+import uvm.types._
+import uvm.types.{ Type => MType }
+import uvm.utils.LazyPool
+import javax.vecmath.Tuple2d
+import uvm.refimpl.itpr._
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import uvm.refimpl.mem.TypeSizes
+
+/**
+ * Helps calling native functions. Based on JFFI.
+ */
+class NativeHelper {
+  val jffiTypePool: LazyPool[MType, JType] = LazyPool {
+    case TypeVoid()       => JType.VOID
+    case TypeInt(8)       => JType.SINT8
+    case TypeInt(16)      => JType.SINT16
+    case TypeInt(32)      => JType.SINT32
+    case TypeInt(64)      => JType.SINT64
+    case TypeFloat()      => JType.FLOAT
+    case TypeDouble()     => JType.DOUBLE
+    case TypeVector(_, _) => throw new UvmRefImplException("Vectors are not implemented in native calls.")
+    case TypeStruct(fields) => {
+      val fieldsNativeTypes: Seq[JType] = fields.map(jffiTypePool.apply)
+      val strType = JStruct.newStruct(fieldsNativeTypes: _*)
+      strType
+    }
+    case _: AbstractPointerType => JType.POINTER
+    case t                      => throw new UvmRefImplException("Type %s cannot be used in native calls.".format(t.repr))
+  }
+
+  val jffiFuncPool = LazyPool[(FuncSig, Word), JFunction] {
+    case (sig, funcAddr) => {
+      val jParamTypes = sig.paramTy.map(jffiTypePool.apply)
+      val jRetTy = jffiTypePool(sig.retTy)
+      new JFunction(funcAddr, jRetTy, jParamTypes: _*)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def putArgToBuf(buf: ByteBuffer, off: Int, mty: MType, vb: ValueBox): Unit = {
+    mty match {
+      case TypeInt(8)   => buf.put(off, vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toByte)
+      case TypeInt(16)  => buf.putShort(off, vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toShort)
+      case TypeInt(32)  => buf.putInt(off, vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toInt)
+      case TypeInt(64)  => buf.putLong(off, vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toLong)
+      case TypeFloat()  => buf.putFloat(off, vb.asInstanceOf[BoxFloat].value)
+      case TypeDouble() => buf.putDouble(off, vb.asInstanceOf[BoxDouble].value)
+      case s @ TypeStruct(flds) => {
+        val fldvbs = vb.asInstanceOf[BoxStruct].values
+        for (((fty, fvb), i) <- (flds zip fldvbs).zipWithIndex) {
+          val off2 = TypeSizes.fieldOffsetOf(s, i)
+          putArgToBuf(buf, off + off2.toInt, mty, vb)
+        }
+      }
+      case _: AbstractPointerType => buf.putLong(off, vb.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def putArg(hib: HeapInvocationBuffer, mty: MType, vb: ValueBox): Unit = {
+    mty match {
+      case TypeInt(8)   => hib.putByte(vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toByte)
+      case TypeInt(16)  => hib.putShort(vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toShort)
+      case TypeInt(32)  => hib.putInt(vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toInt)
+      case TypeInt(64)  => hib.putLong(vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value.toLong)
+      case TypeFloat()  => hib.putFloat(vb.asInstanceOf[BoxFloat].value)
+      case TypeDouble() => hib.putDouble(vb.asInstanceOf[BoxDouble].value)
+      case TypeStruct(flds) => {
+        val buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(TypeSizes.sizeOf(mty).toInt)
+        putArgToBuf(buf, 0, mty, vb)
+        hib.putStruct(buf.array(), buf.arrayOffset())
+      }
+      case _: AbstractPointerType => hib.putAddress(vb.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def callNative(sig: FuncSig, func: Word, args: Seq[ValueBox], retBox: ValueBox): Unit = {
+    val jFunc = jffiFuncPool((sig, func))
+
+    val hib = new HeapInvocationBuffer(jFunc)
+
+    for ((mty, vb) <- (sig.paramTy zip args)) {
+      putArg(hib, mty, vb)
+    }
+
+    val inv = Invoker.getInstance
+
+    sig.retTy match {
+      case TypeInt(8) => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeInt(jFunc, hib).toByte
+        retBox.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(BigInt(rv), 8)
+      }
+      case TypeInt(16) => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeInt(jFunc, hib).toShort
+        retBox.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(BigInt(rv), 16)
+      }
+      case TypeInt(32) => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeInt(jFunc, hib)
+        retBox.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(BigInt(rv), 32)
+      }
+      case TypeInt(64) => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeLong(jFunc, hib)
+        retBox.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(BigInt(rv), 64)
+      }
+      case TypeFloat() => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeFloat(jFunc, hib)
+        retBox.asInstanceOf[BoxFloat].value = rv
+      }
+      case TypeDouble() => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeDouble(jFunc, hib)
+        retBox.asInstanceOf[BoxDouble].value = rv
+      }
+      case TypeStruct(flds) => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeStruct(jFunc, hib)
+        val buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(rv)
+        getArgFromBuf(buf, 0, sig.retTy, retBox)
+      }
+      case _: AbstractPointerType => {
+        val rv = inv.invokeAddress(jFunc, hib)
+        retBox.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr = rv
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def getArgFromBuf(buf: ByteBuffer, off: Int, mty: MType, vb: ValueBox): Unit = {
+    mty match {
+      case TypeInt(8)   => vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(buf.get(off), 8)
+      case TypeInt(16)  => vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(buf.getShort(off), 16)
+      case TypeInt(32)  => vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(buf.getInt(off), 32)
+      case TypeInt(64)  => vb.asInstanceOf[BoxInt].value = OpHelper.trunc(buf.getLong(off), 64)
+      case TypeFloat()  => vb.asInstanceOf[BoxFloat].value = buf.getFloat(off)
+      case TypeDouble() => vb.asInstanceOf[BoxDouble].value = buf.getDouble(off)
+      case s @ TypeStruct(flds) => {
+        val fldvbs = vb.asInstanceOf[BoxStruct].values
+        for (((fty, fvb), i) <- (flds zip fldvbs).zipWithIndex) {
+          val off2 = TypeSizes.fieldOffsetOf(s, i)
+          getArgFromBuf(buf, off + off2.toInt, mty, vb)
+        }
+      }
+      case _: AbstractPointerType => vb.asInstanceOf[BoxPointer].addr = buf.getLong(off)
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

src/main/scala/uvm/utils/LazyPool.scala

+package uvm.utils
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
+
+class LazyPool[FromT, ToT](factory: FromT => ToT) {
+  val pool = HashMap[FromT, ToT]()
+  def apply(obj: FromT): ToT = pool.get(obj).getOrElse(factory(obj))
+}
+object LazyPool {
+  def apply[FromT, ToT](factory: FromT => ToT): LazyPool[FromT, ToT] = new LazyPool[FromT, ToT](factory)
+}

src/test/scala/uvm/refimpl/itpr/UvmInterpreterNativeTests.scala

+package uvm.refimpl.itpr
+
+import org.scalatest._
+import java.io.FileReader
+import uvm._
+import uvm.types._
+import uvm.ssavariables._
+import uvm.refimpl._
+import uvm.refimpl.itpr._
+import MemoryOrder._
+import AtomicRMWOptr._
+import uvm.refimpl.mem.TypeSizes.Word
+import ch.qos.logback.classic.Level._
+import uvm.refimpl.UvmBundleTesterBase
+import com.kenai.jffi.Library
+import jnr.posix.POSIXFactory
+
+class UvmInterpreterNativeTests extends UvmBundleTesterBase {
+  setLogLevels(
+    ROOT_LOGGER_NAME -> INFO,
+    "uvm.refimpl.itpr" -> DEBUG)
+
+  preloadBundles("tests/uvm-refimpl-test/native-tests.uir")
+
+  "The CCALL instruction" should "call the getpid() function" in {
+    val ca = microVM.newClientAgent()
+
+    val lib = Library.getDefault()
+    val funcAddr = lib.getSymbolAddress("getpid")
+
+    val posix = POSIXFactory.getPOSIX
+    val actualPID = posix.getpid
+
+    println("actualPID = %d".format(actualPID))
+
+    val func = ca.putFunction("@getpidtest")
+
+    val a0 = ca.putInt("@i64", funcAddr)
+
+    testFunc(ca, func, Seq(a0)) { (ca, th, st, wp) =>
+      val Seq(fp, rv) = ca.dumpKeepalives(st, 0)
+
+      fp.vb.asPointer shouldEqual funcAddr
+      rv.vb.asSInt(32) shouldEqual actualPID
+
+      TrapRebindPassVoid(st)
+    }
+
+    ca.close()
+  }
+
+  "The CCALL instruction" should "call the write() function" in {
+    val ca = microVM.newClientAgent()
+
+    val lib = Library.getDefault()
+    val funcAddr = lib.getSymbolAddress("write")
+
+    val func = ca.putFunction("@writetest")
+
+    val a0 = ca.putInt("@i64", funcAddr)
+
+    testFunc(ca, func, Seq(a0)) { (ca, th, st, wp) =>
+      val Seq(fp, rv, buf, bufV0P) = ca.dumpKeepalives(st, 0)
+
+      fp.vb.asPointer shouldEqual funcAddr
+      rv.vb.asSInt(64) shouldEqual 6
+
+      TrapRebindPassVoid(st)
+    }
+
+    ca.close()
+  }
+
+  "The CCALL instruction" should "call the memcpy() function" in {
+    val ca = microVM.newClientAgent()
+
+    val lib = Library.getDefault()
+    val funcAddr = lib.getSymbolAddress("memcpy")
+
+    val func = ca.putFunction("@memcpytest")
+
+    val a0 = ca.putInt("@i64", funcAddr)
+
+    testFunc(ca, func, Seq(a0)) { (ca, th, st, wp) =>
+      val Seq(fp, rv, ob, b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5) = ca.dumpKeepalives(st, 0)
+
+      fp.vb.asPointer shouldEqual funcAddr
+      rv.vb.asPointer shouldEqual ob.vb.asPointer
+
+      b0.vb.asSInt(8) shouldEqual 'H'
+      b1.vb.asSInt(8) shouldEqual 'e'
+      b2.vb.asSInt(8) shouldEqual 'l'
+      b3.vb.asSInt(8) shouldEqual 'l'
+      b4.vb.asSInt(8) shouldEqual 'o'
+      b5.vb.asSInt(8) shouldEqual '\n'
+
+      TrapRebindPassVoid(st)
+    }
+
+    ca.close()
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/uvm-refimpl-test/native-tests.uir

+.typedef @i1 = int<1>
+.typedef @i6 = int<6>
+.typedef @i8 = int<8>
+.typedef @i16 = int<16>
+.typedef @i32 = int<32>
+.typedef @i52 = int<52>
+.typedef @i64 = int<64>
+.typedef @float = float
+.typedef @double = double
+
+.typedef @void = void
+
+.funcsig @noparamsnoret = @void ()
+
+.typedef @funcdumb = func<@noparamsnoret>
+
+.typedef @thread = thread
+.typedef @stack = stack
+.typedef @tagref64 = tagref64
+
+.const @TRUE <@i64> = 1
+.const @FALSE <@i64> = 0
+
+.const @I32_0 <@i32> = 0
+.const @I32_1 <@i32> = 1
+.const @I32_2 <@i32> = 2
+.const @I32_3 <@i32> = 3
+.const @I32_4 <@i32> = 4
+.const @I32_5 <@i32> = 5
+.const @I32_6 <@i32> = 6
+.const @I32_7 <@i32> = 7
+
+.const @I64_0 <@i64> = 0
+.const @I64_1 <@i64> = 1
+.const @I64_2 <@i64> = 2
+.const @I64_3 <@i64> = 3
+.const @I64_4 <@i64> = 4
+.const @I64_5 <@i64> = 5
+.const @I64_6 <@i64> = 6
+.const @I64_7 <@i64> = 7
+
+.const @F_0 <@float> = 0.0f
+.const @F_1 <@float> = 1.0f
+.const @F_2 <@float> = 2.0f
+.const @F_3 <@float> = 3.0f
+.const @F_4 <@float> = 4.0f
+.const @F_5 <@float> = 5.0f
+.const @F_6 <@float> = 6.0f
+.const @F_7 <@float> = 7.0f
+
+.const @D_0 <@double> = 0.0d
+.const @D_1 <@double> = 1.0d
+.const @D_2 <@double> = 2.0d
+.const @D_3 <@double> = 3.0d
+.const @D_4 <@double> = 4.0d
+.const @D_5 <@double> = 5.0d
+.const @D_6 <@double> = 6.0d
+.const @D_7 <@double> = 7.0d
+
+.typedef @4xfloat  = vector <@float 4>
+.typedef @4xi32    = vector <@i32 4>
+.typedef @2xdouble = vector <@double 2>
+
+.const @4xI32_V1 <@4xi32> = VEC {@I32_0 @I32_1 @I32_2 @I32_3}
+.const @4xI32_V2 <@4xi32> = VEC {@I32_4 @I32_5 @I32_6 @I32_7}
+
+.const @4xF_V1 <@4xfloat> = VEC {@F_0 @F_1 @F_2 @F_3}
+.const @4xF_V2 <@4xfloat> = VEC {@F_4 @F_5 @F_6 @F_7}
+
+.const @2xD_V1 <@2xdouble> = VEC {@D_0 @D_1}
+.const @2xD_V2 <@2xdouble> = VEC {@D_2 @D_3}
+
+.funcsig @i_i = @i64 (@i64)
+.funcsig @i_ii = @i64 (@i64 @i64)
+
+.typedef @refvoid = ref<@void>
+.typedef @irefvoid = iref<@void>
+.typedef @weakrefvoid = weakref<@void>
+.const @NULLREF   <@refvoid>  = NULL
+.const @NULLIREF  <@irefvoid> = NULL
+.const @NULLFUNC  <@funcdumb> = NULL
+.const @NULLSTACK <@stack>    = NULL
+
+.typedef @refi8     = ref<@i8>
+.typedef @irefi8    = iref<@i8>
+.typedef @refi64    = ref<@i64>
+.typedef @irefi64   = iref<@i64>
+.const @NULLREF_I64  <@refi64>  = NULL
+.const @NULLIREF_I64 <@irefi64> = NULL
+
+.typedef @ptrvoid   = ptr<@void>
+.typedef @ptri8     = ptr<@i8>
+.typedef @ptri16    = ptr<@i16>
+.typedef @ptri32    = ptr<@i32>
+.typedef @ptri64    = ptr<@i64>
+.typedef @ptrfloat  = ptr<@float>
+.typedef @ptrdouble = ptr<@double>
+.typedef @ptrptrvoid = ptr<@ptrvoid>
+.typedef @ptrfpi_i  = ptr<@fpi_i>
+
+.typedef @fpnoparamsnoret = funcptr<@noparamsnoret>
+.typedef @fpi_i = funcptr<@i_i>
+.typedef @fpi_ii = funcptr<@i_ii>
+
+.funcsig @v_a = @void (@i64)
+
+.funcsig @getpid_sig = @i32 ()
+.typedef @getpid_fp  = funcptr<@getpid_sig>
+
+.funcdef @getpidtest VERSION @getpidtest_v1 <@v_a> (%p0) {
+    %entry:
+        %fp = PTRCAST <@i64 @getpid_fp> %p0
+        %rv = CCALL #DEFAULT <@getpid_fp @getpid_sig> %fp ()
+
+        %trap = TRAP <@void> KEEPALIVE (%fp %rv)
+        COMMINST @uvm.thread_exit
+}
+
+.typedef @size_t = int<64>
+.funcsig @write_sig = @size_t (@i32 @ptrvoid @size_t)
+.typedef @write_fp  = funcptr<@write_sig>
+
+.typedef @CharBuf = hybrid<@i64 @i8>
+.const @I8_H  <@i8> = 0x48
+.const @I8_e  <@i8> = 0x65
+.const @I8_l  <@i8> = 0x6c
+.const @I8_o  <@i8> = 0x6f
+.const @I8_NL <@i8> = 0x0a
+
+.funcdef @writetest VERSION @writetest_v1 <@v_a> (%p0) {
+    %entry:
+        %fp = PTRCAST <@i64 @write_fp> %p0
+
+        %buf = NEWHYBRID <@CharBuf @i64> @I64_6
+        %buf_i = GETIREF <@CharBuf> %buf
+        %buf_v0 = GETVARPARTIREF <@CharBuf> %buf_i
+        STORE <@i8> %buf_v0 @I8_H
+        %buf_v1 = SHIFTIREF <@i8 @i64> %buf_v0 @I64_1
+        STORE <@i8> %buf_v1 @I8_e
+        %buf_v2 = SHIFTIREF <@i8 @i64> %buf_v1 @I64_1
+        STORE <@i8> %buf_v2 @I8_l
+        %buf_v3 = SHIFTIREF <@i8 @i64> %buf_v2 @I64_1
+        STORE <@i8> %buf_v3 @I8_l
+        %buf_v4 = SHIFTIREF <@i8 @i64> %buf_v3 @I64_1
+        STORE <@i8> %buf_v4 @I8_o
+        %buf_v5 = SHIFTIREF <@i8 @i64> %buf_v4 @I64_1
+        STORE <@i8> %buf_v5 @I8_NL
+
+        %buf_v0_p = COMMINST @uvm.native.pin <@irefi8> (%buf_v0)
+        %buf_v0_pv = PTRCAST <@ptri8 @ptrvoid> %buf_v0_p