Impossible states in full-state frame making (OSR)

Created by: wks

There was a proposal about the OSR before, https://github.com/microvm/microvm-meta/issues/5

According to our discussion recently, we decided that:

1. the state of a frame is the PC and a set of local variable values.
2. It should be only possible to continue from some designated "OSR points", or the beginning of a basic block, rather than from arbitrary point in the code. This reduces the compiler's burden to generate stack maps.
3. The client supplies an arbitrary subset of local variables and their values and
   1. if a variable is supplied but is never used, it has no effect on the execution and is simply ignored.
   2. if a variable is not supplied but is used later, it gives undefined behaviour.

But this leads to a problem: the supplied state may never be reproducible from normal execution. For example:

.funcsig @foo_sig = @i64 (@i64 @i64)
.funcdef @foo VERSION @foo_v1 <@foo_sig> (%a %b) {
  %entry:
    %x = MUL <@i64> %a %b
    %y = ADD <@i64> %x @i64_0  // The rhs is the constant 0.

    %trap = TRAP <@void>

    // OSR continues here

    CALL @print (%x)
    CALL @print (%y)
    RET <@i64> %y
}

Assume we perform an OSR and construct a frame which continues after the %trap instruction with local variable values: %a = 6; %b = 9; %x = 42; %y = 54. Then the value %x = 42 is impossible.

But the code generator may consider "adding zero" as a no-op and thus generates the machine code that aliases the register of %x and %y. For example:

foo:
  push rbx      ; save callee-saved register

  mov rbx, rdi  ; do multiplication. rbx holds the value of %x and also %y
  mul rbx, rsi

  mov rdi, rbx  ; prepare to call @print (%x)
  call print

  mov rdi, rbx  ; prepare to call @print (%y)
  call print
  pop rbx
  ret

Then it is impossible to create such a state as mentioned above. This implies that either

1. we require that such state construction must be possible and require the code generator not to generate the code like above, or
2. we further restrict our API on frame state construction.